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April 22, 2009

Speaking the language of development

In Alexandra township outside Johannesburg, I was interviewing 26-year-old Rosinah about her youngest brother, Vuyani, for a story that formed part of our series this month on the 15-year anniversary of the first democratic elections in South Africa. Rosinah was telling me how their mother passed away several years ago after becoming infected with HIV, and it fell to the siblings to raise Vuyani.

"We're a child-headed household," Rosinah said.

This was not, strictly speaking, untrue. But the children in this case, Rosinah and two older brothers, were in their 20s when their mother passed on.

Not to diminish the Ngxalaba family's difficulties -- which I came to understand after spending several days with them last month -- but "child-headed household" is a term coined by the vast development universe of aid agencies, consultants, diplomatic missions and others to describe families where parents die and leave children raising other children. It's a way to measure how the fabric of society is torn apart by conflict, diseases like AIDS and other disasters. It's not a way you'd expect a family to describe itself in casual conversation.

Catch phrases and acronyms are part of any industry. But in Africa, the highfalutin, almost clinical development lingo used by aid workers -- let's call it charitese -- has a baffling and often amusing tendency to seep into the vernacular of regular people.

Covering the 2005 elections in Liberia, I interviewed a handful of villagers outside Monrovia and found that all of them were hoping for a vote that was "free, fair and transparent." In that order. It was a couple of days before I realized that this was the exact phrase that the small army of NGOs and election experts had been lecturing Liberians on for more than a year, and plastering on countless posters, t-shirts and other election materials.

Another time, in the slums of Nairobi, I heard a middle-school girl tell me, "I'm an OVC." This is charitese for "orphans and vulnerable children," but it is not something that a child should call herself, not least because it sounds like a television shopping network.

I've seen African grassroots NGOs with names like the "Organization for Capacity Building and Sustainable Development" -- combining two particularly common bits of charitese into one big string of meaninglessness. I've received multiple invitations to events discussing the fate of "the girl child," who faces all kinds of difficulties that the boy child does not. And I can't believe they paid someone to come up with the term "income-generating activities" -- you know, jobs.

This is mostly harmless, and often humorous, but sometimes get the nagging sense that these terms have been foisted onto Africans, who have no choice but to start using them, ridiculous though they do sound in conversation. The humanitarian world offers jobs, fills hotels and conference centers, and pays for things that some governments in Africa can't or won't do. So I fear that people fail to adopt charitese at their peril.

What do you think? Am I being too hard on the NGOs? And what are your favorite examples of charitese?

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Comments

Siena

To answer this question from my point of view: no, you are not being too hard on NGOs (and you can never be too hard on NGOs)!

First of all, this reminds me of that Foucault/Said/Bakhtin argument: knowledge is power, language is empowering and there exists this thing called ‘hegemonic discourse’ which colors our world black and white in terms of power and powerless. Generally, the West prevails in almost all fields (development, anthropology, sociology etc.) because we have the means (money and technology) to get our ideas (discourse) out there and ensure their dominance over others. We also run the ‘elite institutions’ which are central to the creation of accepted discourse. This creates an ugly one-side perspective (though with a lot of dissension anyways).

Arguably, the most important point is that it really takes the process of development away from local populations. When the knowledge (read: language) behind development is foreign, the process - no matter how many locals are employed and active - is foreign. The design is not initiated and implemented locally, which detracts from its effectiveness and comprehension. It also means that people have little choice but to understand this type of development to ’survive.’ If you want to build a well for your village and receive a grant from XXX NGO, you generally have to plug in words like “capacity-building” or “sustainable” and “grassroots”.

The study of language behind development would be fascinating. Understanding how locals can harness their own cultural vocabulary to foster their own development - within the hegemonic discourse of Western development - could offer some equally revolutionary and empowering (another great development word) - strategies.

Yatin

The Human Fund - Moeny, for People

Yatin

The Human Fund - Money, for People

E-Nyce

I don't think you're being too hard, as NGOs can always use a good kick in the seat (and sometimes groin).

I guess those terms would sound ridiculous to those not working/living in the same field. Of course, "cooking a ROM" / "underclocking" / "hacking" are terms equally amusing and teeth-gritting!

I have the dubiousness of working w/ "professionals" in both development and ICT, so I'm use to being 'multilingual', and have gotten to the stage of tuning out the true & euphemistic meanings of the phrases.

I do also find it unusual that common wananchi are using these esoteric terms but perhaps it only seems weird because, duh, you're a journalist so you're highlighting common behavior from different cross-sectors.

Thanks for the insight.

Shashank Bengali

Thanks for the comments, all. I just wanted to include this wonderful NGO name from Sierra Leone that was submitted by a reader in West Africa: ENCISS (Enhancing the Interaction and Interface between the Civil Society and State to Improve Poor People's Lives).

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ABOUT THIS BLOG

shashank

Somewhere in Africa was written by McClatchy correspondent Shashank Bengali, who covered sub-Saharan Africa from 2005 to 2009. He's now based in Washington, D.C., as a national correspondent.

Read Shashank's stories at news.mcclatchy.com or send him a story idea.



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